7.3 Chapter Questions

1. Erosion, transportation and deposition.

2. Wave refraction causes the wave energy that is usually evenly distributed along the entire wave is concentrated in particular areas and less intense in others.

3.















4. Sea stacks

5. Hydraulic action, corrasion and corrosion.

6. The erosion-accretion cycle is when eroding waves take large amounts of sand out into the ocean where it forms a sand bar and then smaller constructive waves eventually take all of the sand back into its usual state.

7. Wind, waves and prevailing ocean currents.

8. Coastal dunes

9. Coastal dunes are formed by wind which blows the deposited sand landward which is then trapped by low-lying vegetation. The vegetation allows the sand to be trapped and create coastal dunes.

10.

Longshore drift is the process of waves moving up towards the beach in a zigzag motion with the swash help losing the momentum that the waves brought up from the ocean. This process helps move sand along the beach.






11.
 
A beach was a depositional landforms that was formed by eroded rock and shell material that are accumulation of sand that occur along the shoreline. Beaches can change through the erosion of sand being deposited off shore from storm waves.




         Sea stacks are created by water eroding away coastal headlands so much that stacks of rocks are left over and shaped in weird forms.

Wave cut platforms are eroded away by destructive waves hitting against the cliff face, causing undercutting between the high and low water marks, mainly as a result of corrasion and hydraulic power, creating a wave-cut notch. This notch then enlarges into a cave. The waves undermine this portion until the roof of the cave cannot hold due to the pressure and freeze-thaw weathering acting on it, and collapses, resulting in the cliff retreating landward.

Coastal dunes are formed by wind which blows the deposited sand landward which is then trapped by low-lying vegetation. The vegetation allows the sand to be trapped and create coastal dunes.













12. Foredunes protect the coastal areas by not allowing any water coming into the fragile dune vegetation located on the hind dunes and eroding them away.

13. a) On the Great Ocean Road in Victoria.
b) They are a popular tourist destination as the sea stacks have been created over 20 million years.
c) They were formed by waves eroding the headlands away so much that the only thing left is part of the headlands.
d) London Bridge was a sea stack that was shaped like a bridge but it was eroded  so much that it could not stand up and collapsed itself.
e) I think that it could not have been prevented as the water is not going to stop eroding the stacks.

14. The twelve apostles are sea stacks that have been created by ocean waves eroding away the headland over 20 million years that all that has remained is parts of the headland in stacks of rock. Sadly, these sea stacks will eventually become eroded so much near the ocean sea level that they will collapse and fall down into the ocean floor.

15. The local council had decided to buy back a property located on the headland and a neighbouring foredune that is very subject to severe erosion. The residents believe that the local council is depriving them of their spectacular views, relaxed lifestyle and valuable property. If the local council buys the property to help conserve the foredunes and the surrounding environment then the residents should not be as disappointed and sad about the buy-back but if the council believes that apartments or other construction is the way to go and attract people to the area because of the view then the residents should be very disappointed in the council for their decision as foredunes and headlands like these are very rare and unique to live near and should be considered at the council meetings on what their decision to do with the land should be and take in consideration the local residents of the area.